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MAST Physics Methods

Built-in Methods For MAST¤

Physics methods for MAST.

MastPhysicsMethods ¤

This class provides methods to retrieve and calculate physics-related data for MAST.

Source code in disruption_py/machine/mast/physics.py 
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class MastPhysicsMethods:
    """
    This class provides methods to retrieve and calculate physics-related data
    for MAST.
    """

    @staticmethod
    @cache_method
    @physics_method(
        columns=["ip", "dip_dt", "ip_prog", "dipprog_dt"],
        tokamak=Tokamak.MAST,
    )
    def get_ip_parameters(params: PhysicsMethodParams):
        """Get Ip parameters

        Parameters
        ----------
        params : PhysicsMethodParams
            The parameters containing the Xarray connection, shot id and more.

        Returns
        -------
        dict
            A dictionary containing plasma current (`ip`), its time derivative (`dip_dt`),
            programmed plasma current (`ip_prog`), and its time derivative (`dipprog_dt`).
        """
        conn: XarrayConnection = params.mds_conn
        ip = conn.get_data(params.shot_id, "summary/ip")
        ip_prog = conn.get_data(params.shot_id, "pulse_schedule/i_plasma")
        ip_prog_time = conn.get_data(params.shot_id, "pulse_schedule/time")
        magtime = conn.get_data(params.shot_id, "summary/time")

        dip_dt = np.gradient(ip, magtime)
        dipprog_dt = np.gradient(ip_prog, ip_prog_time)

        times = params.times

        ip = MastUtilMethods.interpolate_1d(magtime, ip, times)
        ip_prog = MastUtilMethods.interpolate_1d(ip_prog_time, ip_prog, times)
        dip_dt = MastUtilMethods.interpolate_1d(magtime, dip_dt, times)
        dipprog_dt = MastUtilMethods.interpolate_1d(ip_prog_time, dipprog_dt, times)

        return {
            "ip": ip,
            "dip_dt": dip_dt,
            "ip_prog": ip_prog,
            "dipprog_dt": dipprog_dt,
        }

    @staticmethod
    @physics_method(
        columns=["p_nbi", "p_rad"],
        tokamak=Tokamak.MAST,
    )
    def get_power(params: PhysicsMethodParams):
        """Get power parameters

        Parameters
        ----------
        params : PhysicsMethodParams
            The parameters containing the Xarray connection, shot id and more.

        Returns
        -------
        dict
            A dictionary containing neutral beam injection power (`power_nbi`) and
            radiated power (`power_radiated`).
        """
        conn: XarrayConnection = params.mds_conn

        power_nbi = conn.get_data(params.shot_id, "summary/power_nbi")
        power_radiated = conn.get_data(params.shot_id, "summary/power_radiated")
        base_time = conn.get_data(params.shot_id, "summary/time")

        times = params.times
        power_nbi = MastUtilMethods.interpolate_1d(base_time, power_nbi, times)
        power_radiated = MastUtilMethods.interpolate_1d(
            base_time, power_radiated, times
        )
        return {"p_nbi": power_nbi, "p_rad": power_radiated}

    @staticmethod
    @physics_method(
        columns=["gas_total_injected", "gas_inboard_total", "gas_outboard_total"],
        tokamak=Tokamak.MAST,
    )
    def get_gas(params: PhysicsMethodParams):
        """Get gas injection parameters

        Parameters
        ----------
        params : PhysicsMethodParams
            The parameters containing the Xarray connection, shot id and more.

        Returns
        -------
        dict
            A dictionary containing total injected gas (`total_injected`),
            inboard total gas (`inboard_total`), and outboard total gas (`outboard_total`).
        """
        conn: XarrayConnection = params.mds_conn

        total_injected = conn.get_data(params.shot_id, "gas_injection/total_injected")
        inboard_total = conn.get_data(params.shot_id, "gas_injection/inboard_total")
        outboard_total = conn.get_data(params.shot_id, "gas_injection/outboard_total")
        base_time = conn.get_data(params.shot_id, "gas_injection/time")

        times = params.times
        total_injected = MastUtilMethods.interpolate_1d(
            base_time, total_injected, times
        )
        inboard_total = MastUtilMethods.interpolate_1d(base_time, inboard_total, times)
        outboard_total = MastUtilMethods.interpolate_1d(
            base_time, outboard_total, times
        )
        return {
            "gas_total_injected": total_injected,
            "gas_inboard_total": inboard_total,
            "gas_outboard_total": outboard_total,
        }

    @staticmethod
    @physics_method(
        columns=["t_e_core", "n_e_core"],
        tokamak=Tokamak.MAST,
    )
    def get_ts_parameters(params: PhysicsMethodParams):
        """Get Thomson parameters

        Parameters
        ----------
        params : PhysicsMethodParams
            The parameters containing the Xarray connection, shot id and more.

        Returns
        -------
        dict
            A dictionary containing core electron temperature (`t_e_core`) and
            core electron density (`n_e_core`).
        """
        times = params.times
        conn: XarrayConnection = params.mds_conn

        t_e_core = conn.get_data(params.shot_id, "thomson_scattering/t_e_core")
        n_e_core = conn.get_data(params.shot_id, "thomson_scattering/n_e_core")
        base_time = conn.get_data(params.shot_id, "thomson_scattering/time")

        t_e_core = MastUtilMethods.interpolate_1d(base_time, t_e_core, times)
        n_e_core = MastUtilMethods.interpolate_1d(base_time, n_e_core, times)
        return {"t_e_core": t_e_core, "n_e_core": n_e_core}

    @staticmethod
    @physics_method(
        columns=["n_e", "dn_dt", "greenwald_fraction"],
        tokamak=Tokamak.MAST,
    )
    def get_densities(params: PhysicsMethodParams):
        r"""
        Calculate electron density, its time derivative, and the Greenwald fraction.

        The Greenwald fraction is the ratio of the measured electron density $n_e$ and
        the Greenwald density limit $n_G$ defined as [^1]:

        $$
        n_G = \frac{I_p}{\pi a^2}
        $$

        where $n_G$ is given in $10^{20} m^{-3}$ and $I_p$ is in MA.

        [^1]: https://wiki.fusion.ciemat.es/wiki/Greenwald_limit

        Parameters
        ----------
        params : PhysicsMethodParams
            The parameters containing the Xarray connection, shot id and more.

        Returns
        -------
        dict
            A dictionary containing electron density (`n_e`), its gradient (`dn_dt`),
            and the Greenwald fraction (`greenwald_fraction`).

        """

        conn: XarrayConnection = params.mds_conn
        n_e = conn.get_data(params.shot_id, "summary/line_average_n_e")
        t_n = conn.get_data(params.shot_id, "summary/time")
        ip = conn.get_data(params.shot_id, "summary/ip")
        t_ip = conn.get_data(params.shot_id, "summary/time")
        a_minor = conn.get_data(params.shot_id, "equilibrium/minor_radius")
        t_a = conn.get_data(params.shot_id, "equilibrium/time")

        return MastPhysicsMethods._get_densities(
            params.times, n_e, t_n, ip, t_ip, a_minor, t_a
        )

    @staticmethod
    def _get_densities(times, n_e, t_n, ip, t_ip, a_minor, t_a):
        """
        Calculate electron density, its time derivative, and the Greenwald fraction.

        Parameters
        ----------
        times : array_like
            Time points at which to interpolate the densities.
        n_e : array_like
            Electron density values.
        t_n : array_like
            Corresponding time values for electron density.
        ip : array_like
            Plasma current values.
        t_ip : array_like
            Corresponding time values for plasma current.
        a_minor : array_like
            Minor radius values.
        t_a : array_like
            Corresponding time values for minor radius.

        Returns
        -------
        dict
            A dictionary containing interpolated electron density (`n_e`),
            its time derivative (`dn_dt`), and the Greenwald fraction (`greenwald_fraction`).
        """
        if len(n_e) != len(t_n):
            raise CalculationError("n_e and t_n are different lengths")
        # get the gradient of n_E
        dn_dt = np.gradient(n_e, t_n)
        n_e = interp1(t_n, n_e, times)
        dn_dt = interp1(t_n, dn_dt, times)
        ip = -ip / 1e6  # Convert from A to MA and take positive value
        ip = interp1(t_ip, ip, times)
        a_minor = interp1(t_a, a_minor, times, bounds_error=False, fill_value=np.nan)
        # make sure aminor is not 0 or less than 0
        a_minor[a_minor <= 0] = 0.001
        n_g = abs(ip) / (np.pi * a_minor**2) * 1e20  # Greenwald density in m ^-3
        g_f = n_e / n_g
        return {"n_e": n_e, "dn_dt": dn_dt, "greenwald_fraction": g_f}

    @staticmethod
    @physics_method(
        columns=["sxr"],
        tokamak=Tokamak.MAST,
    )
    def get_sxr(params: PhysicsMethodParams):
        """
        Retrieve soft X-ray (SXR) data.

        Parameters
        ----------
        params : PhysicsMethodParams
            The parameters containing the Xarray connection, shot id and more.

        Returns
        -------
        dict
            A dictionary containing SXR data (`sxr_data`) and
            corresponding time points (`sxr_time`).
        """
        conn: XarrayConnection = params.mds_conn
        hcam = conn.get_data(
            params.shot_id, "soft_x_rays/horizontal_cam_upper", return_xarray=True
        )

        if hcam is not None:
            hcam = hcam.isel(horizontal_cam_upper_channel=7)
            hcam = hcam.squeeze(drop=True)
            hcam = hcam.drop_vars(["horizontal_cam_upper_channel"])
            sxr_time = hcam.time.values
            sxr_data = hcam.values
        else:
            sxr_time = np.array([np.nan])
            sxr_data = np.array([np.nan])

        times = params.times
        sxr_data = MastUtilMethods.interpolate_1d(sxr_time, sxr_data, times)
        return {"sxr": sxr_data}

    @staticmethod
    @physics_method(
        columns=["d_alpha"],
        tokamak=Tokamak.MAST,
    )
    def get_dalpha(params: PhysicsMethodParams):
        """
        Retrieve D-alpha signal data.

        Parameters
        ----------
        params : PhysicsMethodParams
            The parameters containing the Xarray connection, shot id and more.

        Returns
        -------
        dict
            A dictionary containing D-alpha signal data (`dalpha`).
        """
        conn: XarrayConnection = params.mds_conn

        dalpha = conn.get_data(
            params.shot_id,
            "spectrometer_visible/filter_spectrometer_dalpha_voltage",
            return_xarray=True,
        )

        if dalpha is not None:
            dalpha = dalpha.isel(dalpha_channel=2)
            dalpha = dalpha.dropna(dim="time")
            dalpha = dalpha.squeeze(drop=True)
            dalpha = dalpha.drop_vars("dalpha_channel")

            dalpha_time = dalpha.time.values
            dalpha_data = dalpha.values
        else:
            dalpha_time = np.array([np.nan])
            dalpha_data = np.array([np.nan])

        times = params.times
        dalpha_data = MastUtilMethods.interpolate_1d(dalpha_time, dalpha_data, times)
        return {"d_alpha": dalpha_data}

get_dalpha staticmethod ¤

get_dalpha(params: PhysicsMethodParams)

Retrieve D-alpha signal data.

PARAMETER DESCRIPTION
params

The parameters containing the Xarray connection, shot id and more.

TYPE: PhysicsMethodParams

RETURNS DESCRIPTION
dict

A dictionary containing D-alpha signal data (dalpha).
Source code in disruption_py/machine/mast/physics.py 
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@staticmethod
@physics_method(
    columns=["d_alpha"],
    tokamak=Tokamak.MAST,
)
def get_dalpha(params: PhysicsMethodParams):
    """
    Retrieve D-alpha signal data.

    Parameters
    ----------
    params : PhysicsMethodParams
        The parameters containing the Xarray connection, shot id and more.

    Returns
    -------
    dict
        A dictionary containing D-alpha signal data (`dalpha`).
    """
    conn: XarrayConnection = params.mds_conn

    dalpha = conn.get_data(
        params.shot_id,
        "spectrometer_visible/filter_spectrometer_dalpha_voltage",
        return_xarray=True,
    )

    if dalpha is not None:
        dalpha = dalpha.isel(dalpha_channel=2)
        dalpha = dalpha.dropna(dim="time")
        dalpha = dalpha.squeeze(drop=True)
        dalpha = dalpha.drop_vars("dalpha_channel")

        dalpha_time = dalpha.time.values
        dalpha_data = dalpha.values
    else:
        dalpha_time = np.array([np.nan])
        dalpha_data = np.array([np.nan])

    times = params.times
    dalpha_data = MastUtilMethods.interpolate_1d(dalpha_time, dalpha_data, times)
    return {"d_alpha": dalpha_data}

get_densities staticmethod ¤

get_densities(params: PhysicsMethodParams)

Calculate electron density, its time derivative, and the Greenwald fraction.

The Greenwald fraction is the ratio of the measured electron density \(n_e\) and the Greenwald density limit \(n_G\) defined as 1:

\[ n_G = \frac{I_p}{\pi a^2} \]

where \(n_G\) is given in \(10^{20} m^{-3}\) and \(I_p\) is in MA.

  1. https://wiki.fusion.ciemat.es/wiki/Greenwald_limit ↩

PARAMETER DESCRIPTION
params

The parameters containing the Xarray connection, shot id and more.

TYPE: PhysicsMethodParams

RETURNS DESCRIPTION
dict

A dictionary containing electron density (n_e), its gradient (dn_dt), and the Greenwald fraction (greenwald_fraction).
Source code in disruption_py/machine/mast/physics.py 
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@staticmethod
@physics_method(
    columns=["n_e", "dn_dt", "greenwald_fraction"],
    tokamak=Tokamak.MAST,
)
def get_densities(params: PhysicsMethodParams):
    r"""
    Calculate electron density, its time derivative, and the Greenwald fraction.

    The Greenwald fraction is the ratio of the measured electron density $n_e$ and
    the Greenwald density limit $n_G$ defined as [^1]:

    $$
    n_G = \frac{I_p}{\pi a^2}
    $$

    where $n_G$ is given in $10^{20} m^{-3}$ and $I_p$ is in MA.

    [^1]: https://wiki.fusion.ciemat.es/wiki/Greenwald_limit

    Parameters
    ----------
    params : PhysicsMethodParams
        The parameters containing the Xarray connection, shot id and more.

    Returns
    -------
    dict
        A dictionary containing electron density (`n_e`), its gradient (`dn_dt`),
        and the Greenwald fraction (`greenwald_fraction`).

    """

    conn: XarrayConnection = params.mds_conn
    n_e = conn.get_data(params.shot_id, "summary/line_average_n_e")
    t_n = conn.get_data(params.shot_id, "summary/time")
    ip = conn.get_data(params.shot_id, "summary/ip")
    t_ip = conn.get_data(params.shot_id, "summary/time")
    a_minor = conn.get_data(params.shot_id, "equilibrium/minor_radius")
    t_a = conn.get_data(params.shot_id, "equilibrium/time")

    return MastPhysicsMethods._get_densities(
        params.times, n_e, t_n, ip, t_ip, a_minor, t_a
    )

get_gas staticmethod ¤

get_gas(params: PhysicsMethodParams)

Get gas injection parameters

PARAMETER DESCRIPTION
params

The parameters containing the Xarray connection, shot id and more.

TYPE: PhysicsMethodParams

RETURNS DESCRIPTION
dict

A dictionary containing total injected gas (total_injected), inboard total gas (inboard_total), and outboard total gas (outboard_total).
Source code in disruption_py/machine/mast/physics.py 
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@staticmethod
@physics_method(
    columns=["gas_total_injected", "gas_inboard_total", "gas_outboard_total"],
    tokamak=Tokamak.MAST,
)
def get_gas(params: PhysicsMethodParams):
    """Get gas injection parameters

    Parameters
    ----------
    params : PhysicsMethodParams
        The parameters containing the Xarray connection, shot id and more.

    Returns
    -------
    dict
        A dictionary containing total injected gas (`total_injected`),
        inboard total gas (`inboard_total`), and outboard total gas (`outboard_total`).
    """
    conn: XarrayConnection = params.mds_conn

    total_injected = conn.get_data(params.shot_id, "gas_injection/total_injected")
    inboard_total = conn.get_data(params.shot_id, "gas_injection/inboard_total")
    outboard_total = conn.get_data(params.shot_id, "gas_injection/outboard_total")
    base_time = conn.get_data(params.shot_id, "gas_injection/time")

    times = params.times
    total_injected = MastUtilMethods.interpolate_1d(
        base_time, total_injected, times
    )
    inboard_total = MastUtilMethods.interpolate_1d(base_time, inboard_total, times)
    outboard_total = MastUtilMethods.interpolate_1d(
        base_time, outboard_total, times
    )
    return {
        "gas_total_injected": total_injected,
        "gas_inboard_total": inboard_total,
        "gas_outboard_total": outboard_total,
    }

get_ip_parameters staticmethod ¤

get_ip_parameters(params: PhysicsMethodParams)

Get Ip parameters

PARAMETER DESCRIPTION
params

The parameters containing the Xarray connection, shot id and more.

TYPE: PhysicsMethodParams

RETURNS DESCRIPTION
dict

A dictionary containing plasma current (ip), its time derivative (dip_dt), programmed plasma current (ip_prog), and its time derivative (dipprog_dt).
Source code in disruption_py/machine/mast/physics.py 
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@staticmethod
@cache_method
@physics_method(
    columns=["ip", "dip_dt", "ip_prog", "dipprog_dt"],
    tokamak=Tokamak.MAST,
)
def get_ip_parameters(params: PhysicsMethodParams):
    """Get Ip parameters

    Parameters
    ----------
    params : PhysicsMethodParams
        The parameters containing the Xarray connection, shot id and more.

    Returns
    -------
    dict
        A dictionary containing plasma current (`ip`), its time derivative (`dip_dt`),
        programmed plasma current (`ip_prog`), and its time derivative (`dipprog_dt`).
    """
    conn: XarrayConnection = params.mds_conn
    ip = conn.get_data(params.shot_id, "summary/ip")
    ip_prog = conn.get_data(params.shot_id, "pulse_schedule/i_plasma")
    ip_prog_time = conn.get_data(params.shot_id, "pulse_schedule/time")
    magtime = conn.get_data(params.shot_id, "summary/time")

    dip_dt = np.gradient(ip, magtime)
    dipprog_dt = np.gradient(ip_prog, ip_prog_time)

    times = params.times

    ip = MastUtilMethods.interpolate_1d(magtime, ip, times)
    ip_prog = MastUtilMethods.interpolate_1d(ip_prog_time, ip_prog, times)
    dip_dt = MastUtilMethods.interpolate_1d(magtime, dip_dt, times)
    dipprog_dt = MastUtilMethods.interpolate_1d(ip_prog_time, dipprog_dt, times)

    return {
        "ip": ip,
        "dip_dt": dip_dt,
        "ip_prog": ip_prog,
        "dipprog_dt": dipprog_dt,
    }

get_power staticmethod ¤

get_power(params: PhysicsMethodParams)

Get power parameters

PARAMETER DESCRIPTION
params

The parameters containing the Xarray connection, shot id and more.

TYPE: PhysicsMethodParams

RETURNS DESCRIPTION
dict

A dictionary containing neutral beam injection power (power_nbi) and radiated power (power_radiated).
Source code in disruption_py/machine/mast/physics.py 
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@staticmethod
@physics_method(
    columns=["p_nbi", "p_rad"],
    tokamak=Tokamak.MAST,
)
def get_power(params: PhysicsMethodParams):
    """Get power parameters

    Parameters
    ----------
    params : PhysicsMethodParams
        The parameters containing the Xarray connection, shot id and more.

    Returns
    -------
    dict
        A dictionary containing neutral beam injection power (`power_nbi`) and
        radiated power (`power_radiated`).
    """
    conn: XarrayConnection = params.mds_conn

    power_nbi = conn.get_data(params.shot_id, "summary/power_nbi")
    power_radiated = conn.get_data(params.shot_id, "summary/power_radiated")
    base_time = conn.get_data(params.shot_id, "summary/time")

    times = params.times
    power_nbi = MastUtilMethods.interpolate_1d(base_time, power_nbi, times)
    power_radiated = MastUtilMethods.interpolate_1d(
        base_time, power_radiated, times
    )
    return {"p_nbi": power_nbi, "p_rad": power_radiated}

get_sxr staticmethod ¤

get_sxr(params: PhysicsMethodParams)

Retrieve soft X-ray (SXR) data.

PARAMETER DESCRIPTION
params

The parameters containing the Xarray connection, shot id and more.

TYPE: PhysicsMethodParams

RETURNS DESCRIPTION
dict

A dictionary containing SXR data (sxr_data) and corresponding time points (sxr_time).
Source code in disruption_py/machine/mast/physics.py 
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@staticmethod
@physics_method(
    columns=["sxr"],
    tokamak=Tokamak.MAST,
)
def get_sxr(params: PhysicsMethodParams):
    """
    Retrieve soft X-ray (SXR) data.

    Parameters
    ----------
    params : PhysicsMethodParams
        The parameters containing the Xarray connection, shot id and more.

    Returns
    -------
    dict
        A dictionary containing SXR data (`sxr_data`) and
        corresponding time points (`sxr_time`).
    """
    conn: XarrayConnection = params.mds_conn
    hcam = conn.get_data(
        params.shot_id, "soft_x_rays/horizontal_cam_upper", return_xarray=True
    )

    if hcam is not None:
        hcam = hcam.isel(horizontal_cam_upper_channel=7)
        hcam = hcam.squeeze(drop=True)
        hcam = hcam.drop_vars(["horizontal_cam_upper_channel"])
        sxr_time = hcam.time.values
        sxr_data = hcam.values
    else:
        sxr_time = np.array([np.nan])
        sxr_data = np.array([np.nan])

    times = params.times
    sxr_data = MastUtilMethods.interpolate_1d(sxr_time, sxr_data, times)
    return {"sxr": sxr_data}

get_ts_parameters staticmethod ¤

get_ts_parameters(params: PhysicsMethodParams)

Get Thomson parameters

PARAMETER DESCRIPTION
params

The parameters containing the Xarray connection, shot id and more.

TYPE: PhysicsMethodParams

RETURNS DESCRIPTION
dict

A dictionary containing core electron temperature (t_e_core) and core electron density (n_e_core).
Source code in disruption_py/machine/mast/physics.py 
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@staticmethod
@physics_method(
    columns=["t_e_core", "n_e_core"],
    tokamak=Tokamak.MAST,
)
def get_ts_parameters(params: PhysicsMethodParams):
    """Get Thomson parameters

    Parameters
    ----------
    params : PhysicsMethodParams
        The parameters containing the Xarray connection, shot id and more.

    Returns
    -------
    dict
        A dictionary containing core electron temperature (`t_e_core`) and
        core electron density (`n_e_core`).
    """
    times = params.times
    conn: XarrayConnection = params.mds_conn

    t_e_core = conn.get_data(params.shot_id, "thomson_scattering/t_e_core")
    n_e_core = conn.get_data(params.shot_id, "thomson_scattering/n_e_core")
    base_time = conn.get_data(params.shot_id, "thomson_scattering/time")

    t_e_core = MastUtilMethods.interpolate_1d(base_time, t_e_core, times)
    n_e_core = MastUtilMethods.interpolate_1d(base_time, n_e_core, times)
    return {"t_e_core": t_e_core, "n_e_core": n_e_core}